Understanding medical terms and common questions can make the treatment journey less overwhelming. This section provides plain-language explanations of important terms and answers to frequent questions from patients and caregivers.
Glossary of Key Terms
Adenocarcinoma – The most common type of pancreatic cancer, beginning in the ducts that carry digestive enzymes.
📖 Resource: National Cancer Institute – Pancreatic Cancer
Biopsy – A procedure where a small tissue sample is removed and examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of cancer.
CA 19-9 – A blood test measuring a protein sometimes elevated in pancreatic cancer. It is not used alone for diagnosis but can help track treatment response.
Chemotherapy – Drugs that kill cancer cells throughout the body, often given in cycles.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) – A procedure using an endoscope with ultrasound to obtain detailed images and tissue samples of the pancreas.
Metastasis – The spread of cancer cells from the original tumor to other parts of the body, such as the liver or lungs.
Neoadjuvant Therapy – Treatment (usually chemotherapy or radiation) given before surgery to shrink a tumor.
Palliative Care – Specialized medical care focused on managing symptoms and improving quality of life, provided alongside cancer treatment.
📖 Resource: National Cancer Institute – Palliative Care
Resectable – A tumor that can be removed completely with surgery.
Whipple Procedure (Pancreaticoduodenectomy) – A complex surgery to remove the head of the pancreas, part of the stomach, the duodenum, bile duct, and gallbladder.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What type of pancreatic cancer do I have?
Most patients have pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Less common are neuroendocrine tumors, which behave differently and may have other treatment options.
Q: How is staging determined?
Staging is based on imaging scans (CT, MRI, PET), EUS, and biopsy. Doctors look at tumor size, lymph node involvement, and whether cancer has spread.
📖 Resource: American Cancer Society – Staging Pancreatic Cancer
Q: Is surgery possible in my case?
Surgery is only an option if the tumor has not spread and is not involving major blood vessels. A pancreatic surgeon at a high-volume cancer center is the best person to evaluate surgical eligibility.
Q: Should I get genetic testing?
Yes. Current guidelines recommend germline and tumor (somatic) testing for all patients. Results may guide treatment and inform family risk.
📖 Resource: National Cancer Institute – Pancreatic Cancer Genetics
Q: What if surgery is not possible?
Non-surgical treatment includes chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy (in selected patients), and radiation. Clinical trials may also provide options.
Q: What questions should I ask my doctor?
- What type and stage of pancreatic cancer do I have?
- What are my treatment options?
- Am I eligible for clinical trials?
- What side effects should I expect?
- How will treatment affect my daily life?
Q: Where can I find clinical trials?
Patients in the U.S. can search active studies here:
🔎 ClinicalTrials.gov – Pancreatic Cancer Trials
Key Takeaway
A strong understanding of terms and treatment basics helps patients and caregivers feel informed and prepared. Asking questions, keeping notes, and using trusted resources will empower you to play an active role in your care plan.